--- type: CKG Bundle title: Chemistry tags: [STEM & Engineering] timestamp: 2026-06-18T00:00:00Z ckg: id: chemistry nodes: 500 license: CC BY 4.0 --- # Chemistry — Compressed Knowledge Graph ```csv ConceptID,ConceptLabel,TaxonomyID 1,Matter,FOUND 2,Energy,FOUND 3,Atoms,FOUND 4,Elements,FOUND 5,Compounds,FOUND 6,Mixtures,FOUND 7,Physical Properties,FOUND 8,Chemical Properties,FOUND 9,Physical Changes,FOUND 10,Chemical Changes,FOUND 11,Scientific Method,FOUND 12,Measurement,FOUND 13,SI Units,FOUND 14,Significant Figures,FOUND 15,Dimensional Analysis,FOUND 16,Density,FOUND 17,Temperature Scales,FOUND 18,Scientific Notation,FOUND 19,Accuracy and Precision,FOUND 20,Percent Error,FOUND 21,Laboratory Safety,FOUND 22,Data Collection,FOUND 23,Graphing Data,FOUND 24,Conservation Laws,FOUND 25,Atomic Theory History,FOUND 26,Subatomic Particles,ATOM 27,Protons,ATOM 28,Neutrons,ATOM 29,Electrons,ATOM 30,Atomic Number,ATOM 31,Mass Number,ATOM 32,Isotopes,ATOM 33,Atomic Mass,ATOM 34,Average Atomic Mass,ATOM 35,Mass Spectrometry,ATOM 36,Mass Spectrum Analysis,ATOM 37,Relative Abundance,ATOM 38,Mole Concept,MOLE 39,Avogadro's Number,MOLE 40,Molar Mass,MOLE 41,Mole Calculations,MOLE 42,Percent Composition,MOLE 43,Empirical Formula,MOLE 44,Molecular Formula,MOLE 45,Combustion Analysis,MOLE 46,Bohr Model,ATOM 47,Quantum Mechanical Model,ATOM 48,Energy Levels,ATOM 49,Principal Quantum Number,ATOM 50,Subshells,ATOM 51,Orbitals,ATOM 52,Orbital Shapes,ATOM 53,Electron Configuration,ATOM 54,Aufbau Principle,ATOM 55,Pauli Exclusion Principle,ATOM 56,Hund's Rule,ATOM 57,Valence Electrons,ATOM 58,Core Electrons,ATOM 59,Noble Gas Notation,ATOM 60,Electron Config of Ions,ATOM 61,Electromagnetic Spectrum,ATOM 62,Wavelength,ATOM 63,Frequency,ATOM 64,Photon Energy,ATOM 65,Planck's Equation,ATOM 66,Photoelectric Effect,ATOM 67,Emission Spectra,ATOM 68,Absorption Spectra,ATOM 69,Photoelectron Spectroscopy,ATOM 70,PES Data Interpretation,ATOM 71,Periodic Table Organization,PTAB 72,Periods and Groups,PTAB 73,Periodic Trends,PTAB 74,Atomic Radius,PTAB 75,Ionic Radius,PTAB 76,Ionization Energy,PTAB 77,Successive Ionization Energy,PTAB 78,Electron Affinity,PTAB 79,Electronegativity,PTAB 80,Effective Nuclear Charge,PTAB 81,Chemical Bonds,BOND 82,Ionic Bonds,BOND 83,Covalent Bonds,BOND 84,Metallic Bonds,BOND 85,Bond Formation Energy,BOND 86,Ionic Compounds,BOND 87,Crystal Lattice,BOND 88,Lattice Energy,BOND 89,Cation Formation,BOND 90,Anion Formation,BOND 91,Polyatomic Ions,BOND 92,Naming Ionic Compounds,BOND 93,Writing Ionic Formulas,BOND 94,Transition Metal Ions,BOND 95,Lewis Dot Symbols,BOND 96,Lewis Structures,BOND 97,Octet Rule,BOND 98,Single Bonds,BOND 99,Double Bonds,BOND 100,Triple Bonds,BOND 101,Lone Pairs,BOND 102,Bonding Pairs,BOND 103,Resonance Structures,BOND 104,Resonance Hybrid,BOND 105,Formal Charge,BOND 106,Formal Charge Calculation,BOND 107,Expanded Octets,BOND 108,Incomplete Octets,BOND 109,Exceptions to Octet Rule,BOND 110,Bond Order,BOND 111,Bond Length,BOND 112,Bond Energy,BOND 113,VSEPR Theory,BOND 114,Electron Geometry,BOND 115,Molecular Geometry,BOND 116,Linear Geometry,BOND 117,Trigonal Planar Geometry,BOND 118,Tetrahedral Geometry,BOND 119,Trigonal Bipyramidal,BOND 120,Octahedral Geometry,BOND 121,Bent Geometry,BOND 122,Trigonal Pyramidal,BOND 123,Bond Angles,BOND 124,Lone Pair Repulsion,BOND 125,Orbital Hybridization,BOND 126,sp Hybridization,BOND 127,sp2 Hybridization,BOND 128,sp3 Hybridization,BOND 129,Sigma Bonds,BOND 130,Pi Bonds,BOND 131,Bond Polarity,BOND 132,Electronegativity Difference,BOND 133,Polar Covalent Bonds,BOND 134,Nonpolar Covalent Bonds,BOND 135,Dipole Moment,BOND 136,Molecular Polarity,BOND 137,Polar Molecules,BOND 138,Nonpolar Molecules,BOND 139,Naming Covalent Compounds,BOND 140,Network Covalent Solids,BOND 141,Intermolecular Forces,IMF 142,Intramolecular Forces,IMF 143,IMF vs Chemical Bonds,IMF 144,London Dispersion Forces,IMF 145,Polarizability,IMF 146,Dipole-Dipole Forces,IMF 147,Hydrogen Bonding,IMF 148,Hydrogen Bond Requirements,IMF 149,Ion-Dipole Forces,IMF 150,IMF Strength Comparison,IMF 151,States of Matter,IMF 152,Kinetic Molecular Theory,IMF 153,Solids,IMF 154,Crystalline Solids,IMF 155,Amorphous Solids,IMF 156,Liquids,IMF 157,Surface Tension,IMF 158,Viscosity,IMF 159,Capillary Action,IMF 160,Gases,GAS 161,Gas Pressure,GAS 162,Atmospheric Pressure,GAS 163,Ideal Gas Law,GAS 164,Ideal Gas Constant,GAS 165,Boyle's Law,GAS 166,Charles's Law,GAS 167,Avogadro's Law,GAS 168,Dalton's Law,GAS 169,Partial Pressures,GAS 170,Mole Fraction,GAS 171,Gas Stoichiometry,GAS 172,Molar Volume,GAS 173,Real Gases,GAS 174,Van der Waals Equation,GAS 175,Deviations from Ideality,GAS 176,Phase Changes,IMF 177,Melting and Freezing,IMF 178,Boiling and Condensation,IMF 179,Sublimation and Deposition,IMF 180,Heating Curves,IMF 181,Cooling Curves,IMF 182,Heat of Fusion,IMF 183,Heat of Vaporization,IMF 184,Phase Diagrams,IMF 185,Triple Point,IMF 186,Critical Point,IMF 187,Vapor Pressure,IMF 188,Solutions,IMF 189,Solvent and Solute,IMF 190,Solubility,IMF 191,Like Dissolves Like,IMF 192,Saturated Solutions,IMF 193,Concentration Units,IMF 194,Molarity,IMF 195,Dilution Calculations,IMF 196,Beer-Lambert Law,IMF 197,Spectrophotometry,IMF 198,Colligative Properties,IMF 199,Boiling Point Elevation,IMF 200,Freezing Point Depression,IMF 201,Chemical Equations,RXNS 202,Balancing Equations,RXNS 203,Coefficients,RXNS 204,State Symbols,RXNS 205,Reaction Types Overview,RXNS 206,Synthesis Reactions,RXNS 207,Decomposition Reactions,RXNS 208,Single Replacement,RXNS 209,Double Replacement,RXNS 210,Combustion Reactions,RXNS 211,Activity Series,RXNS 212,Solubility Rules,RXNS 213,Precipitation Reactions,RXNS 214,Complete Ionic Equations,RXNS 215,Net Ionic Equations,RXNS 216,Spectator Ions,RXNS 217,Stoichiometry,STOI 218,Mole-to-Mole Ratios,STOI 219,Mass-to-Mass Calculations,STOI 220,Limiting Reagent,STOI 221,Excess Reagent,STOI 222,Theoretical Yield,STOI 223,Actual Yield,STOI 224,Percent Yield,STOI 225,Solution Stoichiometry,STOI 226,Titration,STOI 227,Titration Curves,STOI 228,Equivalence Point,STOI 229,Indicator Selection,STOI 230,Gravimetric Analysis,STOI 231,Oxidation States,RXNS 232,Assigning Oxidation Numbers,RXNS 233,Oxidation,RXNS 234,Reduction,RXNS 235,Redox Reactions,RXNS 236,Half Reactions,RXNS 237,Balancing Redox Equations,RXNS 238,Oxidizing Agents,RXNS 239,Reducing Agents,RXNS 240,Electron Transfer,RXNS 241,Conservation of Mass,RXNS 242,Conservation of Charge,RXNS 243,Gas Evolution Reactions,RXNS 244,Acid-Carbonate Reactions,RXNS 245,Molecular Equations,RXNS 246,Reaction Prediction,RXNS 247,Qualitative Analysis,RXNS 248,Flame Tests,RXNS 249,Precipitate Identification,RXNS 250,Volumetric Analysis,STOI 251,Standard Solutions,STOI 252,Primary Standards,STOI 253,Endpoint vs Equivalence,STOI 254,Titration Calculations,STOI 255,Percent Purity,STOI 256,Empirical Formula from Data,STOI 257,Molar Ratios in Solutions,STOI 258,Serial Dilutions,STOI 259,Driving Force of Reactions,RXNS 260,Metathesis Reactions,RXNS 261,Acid-Metal Reactions,RXNS 262,Disproportionation,RXNS 263,Color of Solutions,RXNS 264,Chemical Analysis,RXNS 265,Back Titration,STOI 266,Reaction Rate,KIN 267,Rate of Disappearance,KIN 268,Rate of Appearance,KIN 269,Average Rate,KIN 270,Instantaneous Rate,KIN 271,Initial Rate,KIN 272,Rate Law,KIN 273,Rate Constant,KIN 274,Reaction Order,KIN 275,Zero Order Reactions,KIN 276,First Order Reactions,KIN 277,Second Order Reactions,KIN 278,Determining Reaction Order,KIN 279,Method of Initial Rates,KIN 280,Integrated Rate Laws,KIN 281,Zero Order Integrated Law,KIN 282,First Order Integrated Law,KIN 283,Second Order Integrated Law,KIN 284,Half-Life,KIN 285,First Order Half-Life,KIN 286,Graphical Rate Analysis,KIN 287,Concentration vs Time,KIN 288,Linearization Rate Data,KIN 289,Collision Theory,KIN 290,Activation Energy,KIN 291,Activated Complex,KIN 292,Transition State,KIN 293,Effective Collisions,KIN 294,Orientation Factor,KIN 295,Arrhenius Equation,KIN 296,Arrhenius Plot,KIN 297,Frequency Factor,KIN 298,Temperature and Rate,KIN 299,Energy Diagrams,KIN 300,Exothermic Diagrams,KIN 301,Endothermic Diagrams,KIN 302,Reaction Mechanisms,KIN 303,Elementary Steps,KIN 304,Molecularity,KIN 305,Unimolecular Reactions,KIN 306,Bimolecular Reactions,KIN 307,Rate-Determining Step,KIN 308,Reaction Intermediates,KIN 309,Mechanism Validation,KIN 310,Catalysis,KIN 311,Homogeneous Catalysis,KIN 312,Heterogeneous Catalysis,KIN 313,Enzyme Catalysis,KIN 314,Catalyst Effect on Ea,KIN 315,Catalyst and Equilibrium,KIN 316,Catalyzed vs Uncatalyzed,KIN 317,Surface Area and Rate,KIN 318,Concentration and Rate,KIN 319,Factors Affecting Rate,KIN 320,Kinetics Experiments,KIN 321,Thermodynamics,THRM 322,System and Surroundings,THRM 323,Open Systems,THRM 324,Closed Systems,THRM 325,Isolated Systems,THRM 326,Exothermic Reactions,THRM 327,Endothermic Reactions,THRM 328,Heat and Temperature,THRM 329,Heat Transfer,THRM 330,Specific Heat Capacity,THRM 331,Heat Capacity,THRM 332,Calorimetry,THRM 333,Coffee Cup Calorimeter,THRM 334,Bomb Calorimeter,THRM 335,Enthalpy,THRM 336,Enthalpy Change,THRM 337,Standard Enthalpy,THRM 338,Enthalpy of Formation,THRM 339,Standard Formation Values,THRM 340,Enthalpy of Combustion,THRM 341,Enthalpy of Reaction,THRM 342,Hess's Law,THRM 343,Hess's Law Calculations,THRM 344,Born-Haber Cycle,THRM 345,Bond Enthalpy,THRM 346,Bond Enthalpy Calculations,THRM 347,Entropy,THRM 348,Entropy Change,THRM 349,Standard Entropy,THRM 350,Entropy and Disorder,THRM 351,Microstates,THRM 352,Boltzmann Equation,THRM 353,Second Law Thermodynamics,THRM 354,Third Law Thermodynamics,THRM 355,Entropy of Phase Changes,THRM 356,Entropy Predictions,THRM 357,Gibbs Free Energy,THRM 358,Gibbs Free Energy Equation,THRM 359,Standard Free Energy,THRM 360,Free Energy of Formation,THRM 361,Spontaneity,THRM 362,Nonspontaneous Processes,THRM 363,Temperature Dependence,THRM 364,Gibbs and Equilibrium,THRM 365,Free Energy and Work,THRM 366,Coupled Reactions,THRM 367,Thermodynamic Stability,THRM 368,Kinetic Stability,THRM 369,State Functions,THRM 370,Path Functions,THRM 371,Internal Energy,THRM 372,First Law Thermodynamics,THRM 373,PV Work,THRM 374,Enthalpy vs Internal Energy,THRM 375,Calorimetry Calculations,THRM 376,Chemical Equilibrium,EQBM 377,Dynamic Equilibrium,EQBM 378,Equilibrium State,EQBM 379,Forward Reaction,EQBM 380,Reverse Reaction,EQBM 381,Equilibrium Constant Kc,EQBM 382,Equilibrium Constant Kp,EQBM 383,Kc and Kp Relationship,EQBM 384,Writing K Expressions,EQBM 385,Homogeneous Equilibrium,EQBM 386,Heterogeneous Equilibrium,EQBM 387,Equilibrium Position,EQBM 388,Reaction Quotient Q,EQBM 389,Q vs K Comparison,EQBM 390,Predicting Direction,EQBM 391,ICE Tables,EQBM 392,ICE Table Calculations,EQBM 393,Small K Approximation,EQBM 394,Quadratic in Equilibrium,EQBM 395,Le Chatelier's Principle,EQBM 396,Concentration Changes,EQBM 397,Pressure Changes,EQBM 398,Volume Changes,EQBM 399,Temperature Changes on K,EQBM 400,Effect of Catalyst on Eq,EQBM 401,Adding Inert Gas,EQBM 402,Equilibrium Shifts,EQBM 403,Solubility Equilibria,EQBM 404,Solubility Product Ksp,EQBM 405,Molar Solubility,EQBM 406,Common Ion Effect,EQBM 407,Predicting Precipitation,EQBM 408,Selective Precipitation,EQBM 409,Complex Ion Formation,EQBM 410,Formation Constants,EQBM 411,Ksp Calculations,EQBM 412,Ion Product,EQBM 413,Temperature and Solubility,EQBM 414,Henry's Law,EQBM 415,Equilibrium and Free Energy,EQBM 416,Relationship K and Delta G,EQBM 417,Manipulating K Expressions,EQBM 418,Reversing Reactions K,EQBM 419,Adding Reactions K,EQBM 420,Industrial Equilibrium,EQBM 421,Acids,ACID 422,Bases,ACID 423,Arrhenius Theory,ACID 424,Bronsted-Lowry Theory,ACID 425,Lewis Acid-Base Theory,ACID 426,Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs,ACID 427,Conjugate Acid,ACID 428,Conjugate Base,ACID 429,Amphiprotic Substances,ACID 430,Autoionization of Water,ACID 431,Ion Product of Water Kw,ACID 432,pH Scale,ACID 433,pH Calculation,ACID 434,pOH,ACID 435,pH and pOH Relationship,ACID 436,Strong Acids,ACID 437,Strong Bases,ACID 438,Strong Acid pH,ACID 439,Strong Base pH,ACID 440,Weak Acids,ACID 441,Weak Bases,ACID 442,Acid Dissociation Ka,ACID 443,Base Dissociation Kb,ACID 444,Ka and Kb Relationship,ACID 445,Percent Ionization,ACID 446,Weak Acid pH Calculation,ACID 447,Weak Base pH Calculation,ACID 448,Polyprotic Acids,ACID 449,Diprotic Acid Equilibria,ACID 450,Acid Strength Factors,ACID 451,Binary Acid Trends,ACID 452,Oxyacid Strength,ACID 453,Salt Hydrolysis,ACID 454,Acidic Salts,ACID 455,Basic Salts,ACID 456,Neutral Salts,ACID 457,Buffer Solutions,ACID 458,Buffer Composition,ACID 459,Henderson-Hasselbalch,ACID 460,Buffer Capacity,ACID 461,Buffer pH Calculations,ACID 462,Buffer Preparation,ACID 463,Acid-Base Titration,ACID 464,Strong Acid-Strong Base,ACID 465,Weak Acid-Strong Base,ACID 466,Strong Acid-Weak Base,ACID 467,Titration Curve Analysis,ACID 468,Half-Equivalence Point,ACID 469,Buffer Region,ACID 470,Indicators and pH Range,ACID 471,Selecting Indicators,ACID 472,Neutralization Reactions,ACID 473,Net Ionic Acid-Base,ACID 474,Dilute Acid Calculations,ACID 475,pH of Mixed Solutions,ACID 476,Electrochemistry,ECHEM 477,Galvanic Cells,ECHEM 478,Voltaic Cell Components,ECHEM 479,Anode and Cathode,ECHEM 480,Salt Bridge,ECHEM 481,Electron Flow Direction,ECHEM 482,Cell Notation,ECHEM 483,Standard Reduction Potential,ECHEM 484,Standard Hydrogen Electrode,ECHEM 485,Cell Potential Calculation,ECHEM 486,Spontaneous Cell Reactions,ECHEM 487,Nernst Equation,ECHEM 488,Nonstandard Conditions,ECHEM 489,Concentration Cells,ECHEM 490,Free Energy and Cell EMF,ECHEM 491,Delta G and E Relation,ECHEM 492,Faraday's Constant,ECHEM 493,Electrolytic Cells,ECHEM 494,Electrolysis,ECHEM 495,Electrolysis of Water,ECHEM 496,Electroplating,ECHEM 497,Faraday's Laws,ECHEM 498,Stoichiometry Electrolysis,ECHEM 499,Batteries and Fuel Cells,ECHEM 500,Corrosion,ECHEM ``` ## Edges (prerequisite -> concept) 1 -> 3 3 -> 4 4 -> 5 1 -> 6 5 -> 6 1 -> 7 1 -> 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494 494 -> 495 207 -> 495 494 -> 496 492 -> 497 494 -> 497 497 -> 498 217 -> 498 477 -> 499 493 -> 499 476 -> 500 235 -> 500 *Free CKG · Graphify.md · `pip install ckg-mcp` for all · own the knowledge layer, rent the model*